Guides on Turkish company structures — from the popular Ltd. Şti. to the more complex A.Ş. Understand which legal form suits your business before you incorporate.
Turkey's Turkish Commercial Code (TTK, Law No. 6102) offers several company structures, but the two dominant forms for foreign investors are the Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti., TTK Art. 573–644) and the Joint Stock Company (A.Ş., TTK Art. 329–563). Choosing the right structure affects your minimum capital requirement, shareholder liability exposure, governance obligations, and ability to raise external capital. These guides cover both structures in depth.
The full tax math on choosing between a şahıs şirketi and a Ltd. Şti. or A.Ş. — including the dividend withholding layer and switching costs most comparisons leave out.
The most popular structure for SMEs and foreign investors. Capital requirements, governance, shareholder liability, and full formation steps under TTK Art. 573–644.
The preferred structure for multinationals and companies planning to raise capital. Share types, Board of Directors, General Assembly, and A.Ş. vs Ltd. comparison under TTK Art. 329–563.