Practical guides on Turkish commercial law — written clearly, without the jargon.
Your Turkish company does not legally exist until it is registered at the Trade Registry — not when you sign the articles of association. Here is what that gap actually means for your personal liability, and the one clause that can protect you.
Turkish law lets you contribute real estate as company capital instead of cash. Few guides mention that a mortgaged property doesn't qualify at all, or that only cash contributions unlock a real tax deduction real estate never gets.
Most guides compare Turkey's 25% corporate tax to personal income tax brackets and stop there. Here is the full tax math — including the dividend withholding layer and switching costs most founders never see coming.
Turkey attracted between $7.8 and $14.1 billion in foreign direct investment every year from 2018 to 2023, even through a pandemic, a currency crisis, and an earthquake. Here's what the inflow data shows about where the opportunities are now.
The legal framework, institutional challenges, and proven strategies for foreign investors in Turkey's construction and real estate sector — and how to structure your company from day one.
Can Bitcoin or Ether be used as capital when incorporating a Turkish joint stock company? A legal analysis of what the Turkish Commercial Code permits — and how to do it correctly.
The preferred structure for larger operations, multinationals, and companies planning to raise capital or go public. A detailed look at the A.Ş. and when it makes sense over an Ltd.
The most popular structure for SMEs and foreign investors. Learn about capital requirements, governance, liability, and what makes the Ltd. Şti. the right choice for most businesses.
We publish practical guides regularly. In the meantime, get in touch — we answer specific questions directly.
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